Word: gamma
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...vacuum tube and hits a "target,", usually a piece of tungsten. The electrons batter from the tungsten a secondary stream of chargeless particles, X-rays, whose wave lengths are thousands of times shorter than those of ultraviolet light and almost as short as those of radium's gamma rays. The shorter waves are the farther they penetrate into matter before their energy is dispersed. The stronger the voltage the shorter the resulting X-ray wave length and the greater the penetration. Thick Navy steels can be radiographed with 400,000-volt machines; but the pictures are not clear...
...Mathematics Attainment Test, New Lecture Hall. Required of those new students, including new transfer students, who have not taken the Mathematics Attainment Test or an equivalent (Mathematics Beta or Gamma). Such students will receive in their registration envelopes a notice that they must take this test. Special arrangements will be made for students who must also take the Scholastic Aptitude Test...
...Mathematics Attainment Test, New Lecture Hall. Required of those new students, including new transfer students, who have not taken the Mathematics Attainment Test or an equivalent (Mathematics Beta or Gamma). Such students will receive in their registration envelopes a notice that they must take this test. Special arrangements will be made for students who must also take the Scholastic Aptitude Test...
This tool has been in the hands of science only a short time. Only in 1934 did Irene Curie* and her husband, Frédéric Joliot, first make ordinary elements such as iron and iodine radioactive so that they give off sub-atomic particles and gamma rays just as radium does. The invention of the cyclotron, Ernest Orlando Lawrence's great atom-smashing machine in California, simplified the manufacture of such elements so that they are now commonplace in physical laboratories. And in Copenhagen in 1935 O. Chiewitz and G. Hevesy first used such artificial radioactive elements...
...provocative theory in contemporary science-that cosmic rays are the inspirers of biological evolution-was discussed this week by Dr. Gioacchino Failla in the abstruse Journal of Applied Physics. His purpose was to inform physicists about the biological effects of some forms of radiation with which they work-notably gamma rays, X-rays and cosmic rays...