Word: gamma
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...chemical that is responsible for the cleansing action-onto each long-chain hydrocarbon molecule. This is no easy trick to perform in a practical industrial process, but after years of work Esso chemists finally developed a novel way of making the reluctant chemicals react by jolting them with gamma rays...
When they passed the proper hydrocarbons, sulphur dioxide and oxygen near a chunk of fiercely radioactive cobalt 60, the gamma rays from the cobalt knocked a hydrogen atom off the hydrocarbon molecules, making them highly reactive. After enough of these free radicals had been formed, the cobalt 60 could be removed, and the reaction proceeded without further stimulation. The result was SAS (sodium alkane sulfonate), a long-chain detergent that washes clothes and dishes every bit as well as the troublesome...
...caused fevers and rashes all too similar to symptoms of the natural disease. The killed virus vaccine was almost reactionfree, but it might not provide as long-lasting immunity as the live virus. Even with a double inoculation-a shot of live virus in one arm, a shot of gamma globulin containing measles antibody in the other-every fifth child still ran a disturbing fever...
...acquired to make its first punch-card machine; it is now controlled by the Callies family (paper mills). It turned out a tabulator that was for years the fastest on the market, brought out the first computer to use compact germanium diodes as well as tubes and developed a Gamma 60 computer so electronically marvelous that it can handle scores of totally unrelated problems at once...
Until the last decade, nearly everything we know about the planets, stars, and galaxies came to us on light waves in the narrow, visible portion of the spectrum. Astronomers have likened the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum--which stretches from short-wave gamma rays at one end and the long radio waves at the other--to a tiny window looking out on the universe. Most of the revolution in modern astronomy stems from the design of instruments that have opened up new "windows" in the electromagnetic spectrum...