Word: gandhara
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Hyndman's interest in the meeting of East and West began in junior high school, when he wrote a paper on the Gandhara art of India. Last summer he studied Chinese at Vermont's Middlebury College; there he met some South Vietnamese who opened his eyes to the cultural differences between the U.S. and Asia. By the time the U.S. began the heavy bombing of North Viet Nam, Hyndman was thoroughly disenchanted with the nation's war policy. He is now firmly convinced that U.S. military power offers the South Vietnamese "a worse alternative than Viet Cong control." From...
This delay, ironically, caused the first Buddhas to be made on Roman models. The earliest known figures date from the 1st century and come from the ancient Indian region of Gandhara. The Gandhara artists were imported from the thriving cities of the Near East, and when faced with the problem of inventing a Buddha image, they fell back on the Greek and Roman image of Apollo dressed in a kind of Roman toga. They probably borrowed the halo from the traditional Iranian sun disk that symbolized the heavenly light of Ahura Mazdah. For Buddha's ushnisha-the bump...
...Gandhara sculptures get their name from a small, hilly region around Peshawar that at the time of Darius I (522-485 B.C.) was a province of Persia. From that time until its final decline after the White Hun sacking of the 6th century A.D., Gandhara was swept from conqueror to conqueror. It was part of India for a while, and then came the Indo-Greek dynasties founded by the captains of Alexander the Great. The Scythians fought over it; Rome's Emperors Augustus, Trajan and Hadrian exchanged trade missions with it. Finally, in the 3rd century, the Persians took...
...sculptures of Gandhara-a name that had long since vanished from the map-lay for centuries in forgotten ruins. It was not until the 1920s, when the great city of Taxila was excavated, that the happy fusion of East and West was generally recognized. Until then, Gandhara's modern British rulers were apt to look upon these remnants of a distant time as meaningless curiosities. Once, when soldiers of the Queen's Own Corps of Guides came upon some ancient reliefs, they decided to use them to decorate the fireplace of their mess hall at Mardan. As might...
UNDERLINING the nation's ever increasing interest in Asia, three museums this week opened major shows of Asian art. In Washington the National Gallery staged an exhibition of haniwa (prehistoric ceramic tomb sculptures) lent by Japan. The Boston Museum of Fine Arts showed the Buddhist sculptures of Gandhara, on loan from Pakistan. Both shows were organized by Manhattan's Asia Society, which was formed in 1957 with the aim of cross-pollinating Eastern and Western cultures...