Word: gandhara
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...Gandhara sculptures get their name from a small, hilly region around Peshawar that at the time of Darius I (522-485 B.C.) was a province of Persia. From that time until its final decline after the White Hun sacking of the 6th century A.D., Gandhara was swept from conqueror to conqueror. It was part of India for a while, and then came the Indo-Greek dynasties founded by the captains of Alexander the Great. The Scythians fought over it; Rome's Emperors Augustus, Trajan and Hadrian exchanged trade missions with it. Finally, in the 3rd century, the Persians took...
...sculptures of Gandhara-a name that had long since vanished from the map-lay for centuries in forgotten ruins. It was not until the 1920s, when the great city of Taxila was excavated, that the happy fusion of East and West was generally recognized. Until then, Gandhara's modern British rulers were apt to look upon these remnants of a distant time as meaningless curiosities. Once, when soldiers of the Queen's Own Corps of Guides came upon some ancient reliefs, they decided to use them to decorate the fireplace of their mess hall at Mardan. As might...
UNDERLINING the nation's ever increasing interest in Asia, three museums this week opened major shows of Asian art. In Washington the National Gallery staged an exhibition of haniwa (prehistoric ceramic tomb sculptures) lent by Japan. The Boston Museum of Fine Arts showed the Buddhist sculptures of Gandhara, on loan from Pakistan. Both shows were organized by Manhattan's Asia Society, which was formed in 1957 with the aim of cross-pollinating Eastern and Western cultures...
...trade routes are one of the most picturesque of archaeological problems. The road from India to China led west of Tibet, since the country of Burma was difficult to travel. It passed through the ancient province of Gandhara, where it touched the western culture left haphazard by Alexander's armies and the traders who followed. It then bent eastward through what is now Chinese Turkestan, and finally, constricted by the Himalayan Mountains and the Gobi desert, debouched into what is now Kansu province...
...trade route from India to China led west of Tibet, since the country of Burma was hard on the traveler. It passed through the ancient province of Gandhara, where there is to be found a trace of the western culture left by Alexander and the traders who followed him. It then bent eastward through what is now Chinese Turkestan, and finally came out into the Kansu province...