Word: gandhians
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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King, who began studying Gandhi in college, was initially skeptical about the Mahatma's faith in nonviolence. But by the time of the Montgomery bus boycott, he later wrote, "I had come to see early that the Christian doctrine of love operating through the Gandhian method of nonviolence was one of the most potent weapons available to the Negro in his struggle for freedom." The bus boycott, sit-ins, freedom rides and, above all, the Selma march with its bloody Sunday on the Edmund Pettus Bridge showed how right he, and Gandhi...
...Gandhian influence dominated freedom struggles on the African continent right up to the 1960s because of the power it generated and the unity it forged among the apparently powerless. Nonviolence was the official stance of all major African coalitions, and the South African A.N.C. remained implacably opposed to violence for most of its existence...
Gandhi remained committed to nonviolence; I followed the Gandhian strategy for as long as I could, but then there came a point in our struggle when the brute force of the oppressor could no longer be countered through passive resistance alone. We founded Unkhonto we Sizwe and added a military dimension to our struggle. Even then, we chose sabotage because it did not involve the loss of life, and it offered the best hope for future race relations. Militant action became part of the African agenda officially supported by the Organization of African Unity (O.A.U.) following my address...
...find ourselves in jobless economies, societies in which small minorities consume while the masses starve, we find ourselves forced to rethink the rationale of our current globalization and to ponder the Gandhian alternative...
DIED. JAMES FARMER, 79, courageous, booming-voiced Gandhian who along with Martin Luther King Jr., Whitney Young and Roy Wilkins was one of the four great architects of the U.S. civil rights movement; in Fredericksburg, Va. Farmer's Congress of Racial Equality provided the nonviolent vanguard for the perilous sit-ins and Freedom Rides to integrate the public places and transport of the South in the 1950s and '60s. Asked by Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy to postpone some of their actions so that people could "cool off," Farmer replied, "We have been cooling off for 350 years...