Word: gandhis
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...them as: "Low levels of work discipline, punctuality and orderliness; superstitious beliefs and irrational outlook; lack of alertness, adaptability, ambition and general readiness for change and experiment; contempt for manual work; submissiveness to authority and exploitation; low aptitude for cooperation." The last, Myrdal notes ironically, is a legacy from Gandhi and other Asians who led the fight against colonialism by preaching noncooperation with authority. The battle for independence was won, but now the war for progress is being lost in part because of a noncooperation hangover...
Neither civilian rulers such as Indira Gandhi nor the generals who have taken over from the postcolonial politicians in many South Asian nations have had much success in changing these attitudes. The result is that the best-laid, often Western-tutored, economic plans consistently go awry. Whether military or civilian, nominally capitalist or self-styled socialist, "the various political systems in the region are strikingly similar in their inability or unwillingness to institute fundamental reforms and enforce social discipline. They are all in this sense 'soft states.' " And, adds Myrdal: "There is little hope in South Asia...
...began when Ceylon, apparently emboldened by last month's decision of Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi to cede 350 sq. mi. of the worthless Rann of Kutch to Pakistan, suddenly announced that it, and not India, controlled the uninhabited island. The Ceylonese, who are predominantly Buddhist, based their claim largely on the fact that St. Anthony's church on Kachcha Tivu fell within the diocese of the Roman Catholic bishop of the northern Ceylonese city of Jaffna...
Though it got only a small fraction of what it wanted, Pakistan accepted the ruling fairly graciously and promised to abide by it. The reception in India was testy. The Indian press complained about the "justice" of international courts, and the noisy opposition parties accused Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's Congress Party of sacrificing a bit of Bharat Mata-Mother India-to the hated Pakistanis. The opposition even introduced a no-confidence motion, which will probably come to a vote this week. Since Indira commands a comfortable majority in Parliament, she is unlikely to be beaten, but the nationalist...
Helped along by the country's desperate food shortages, a stagnant economy and growing unrest, the Jana Sangh sharply attacked Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's socialist-minded Congress Party. It demanded better economic planning, free enterprise to attract foreign investment, a harder line against Pakistan and China, and the development of a nuclear bomb for India. Growing steadily, it won control of the city of Delhi and domination of the opposition coalitions in the two key states of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. In last year's national parliamentary elections, the Jana Sangh rolled up 14 million...