Word: ganges
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...most famous exports of El Salvador are rivals. Unfortunately, they are also ferocious gangs: Mara 18 and the Mara Salvatrucha. They have exported their gang culture - learned by expatriates returned from undocumented existence in the big cities of the United States - to other countries in Central and South America, re-exporting their influence back to the U.S., moving beyond petty thievery, flashy tattoos and thuggish violence, to drug-trafficking and large-scale extortion...
...inspiration for both Cincinnati and Chicago's programs was Boston's Operation Scrap Iron, which began 15 years ago. Now called Ceasefire, Scrap Iron shifted gang intervention from police work to a more elaborate behavioral approach that has two prongs: using law enforcement to aggressively get the message of zero-tolerance for homicide to individuals known to be violent or believed to have the potential for violence; and using trusted people in the community, who know the streets and the personalities in them, to convince potential felons to put down their guns. "One of the things we recognized is that...
...majority of gang-related street crime isn't directed by a gang boss, what is the best way to prevent the often deadly violence that accompanies it? If there is no criminal mastermind to apprehend, how does one reduce the incidence of what some experts believe is a culture of violence and vendetta...
Chicago and Cincinnati appear to have programs that are working. "It's a science-based approach that works with the community," says Dr. Gary Slutkin, executive director of Ceasefire Chicago. "We don't even use the word 'gang.' We see this as an issue of behavior...
...place where they can talk without feeling they are violating the unwritten "stop snitching" street code. That approach involves putting social workers in the street to directly confront the violence. "There are credible messengers who can go in and influence change in behaviors," says Tio Hardiman, director of the gang mediation arm of Chicago's program, also called CeaseFire. "Some of these guys used to run the streets and they have backbone and fortitude and they let them know they should be putting the shooting behind them, and the data we have is backing up our claims...