Word: gardners
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Warned the board of education in Chicago, where only 13% of the city's 500,000 pupils attend integrated schools, that it too may face a cutoff in federal funds. At the same time, HEW teams were studying patterns of segregation in 45 other cities, a signal that Gardner may be preparing to take action in the hypersensitive area of defacto segregation...
...that activity, Gardner would be quick to concede that the Great Society's gravest problem is not a lack of financing. "The need for money is less acute than the need for new ways to use it," says Gardner. "We vote billions into old channels. If we are going to get the job done, the money should be used to find better ways of doing...
...Among the Many. Gardner has probably devoted as much energy to seeking new channels as any man in the Government. He is well aware that a strong central authority is necessary in a nation as vast as the U.S. At the same time, among the aphorisms that he has been collecting for the past 36 years, there is one from Thomas Jefferson that he particularly cherishes. "No, my friend," said Jefferson in a letter, "the way to have good and safe Government is not to trust it all to one, but, to divide it among the many, distributing to everyone...
What is needed, as Gardner sees it, is the development of an entirely new series of relationships in the name of "creative federalism." Already, he says, "the Federal Government has established a wide array of partnerships-not just with state governments, but also with local governments, with universities and hospitals, with voluntary agencies and professional associations, and with the whole of the business world." Under Medicare, an extraordinary partnership has been forged involving 6,750 hospitals, 2,500 nursing homes, 250,000 physicians, 107 Blue Cross and Blue Shield programs, 26 private insurance carriers, all 50 state health agencies...
...Gardner, the great weakness in the complex, interlocking chain is the fact that "most state and local governments do not have the vitality and competence to play their role in an effective partnership with the Federal Government." In all 50 states, no more than a handful of education commissioners are regarded as good administrators; nearly half are elected politicians. For men of superior talents, the glamour is in Washington, not in Albany or Austin; the money is in business, not in a city council or a zoning commission...