Word: garibaldis
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...Above Naples the Germans might make a stand behind the Volturno River, where the old Romans posted a garrison and Garibaldi beat the Neapolitans. Above Rome, they might run a barricade along the Apennines, from La Spezia on the Ligurian Sea to Rimini on the Adriatic. Above that barrier the land sloped down to the Po Valley, and beyond towered the Alps. Napoleon once had hacked a way across that rampart of nature, via Tarvis and Klagenfurt, toward Vienna. But it was formidable. Rather than a direct road to Germany, Italy might be a flank for other bridgeheads. > Italy leads...
...Napoleon Bonaparte had crowned himself with the iron crown of Lombardy. In Milan, in 1848, the Habsburg General Count Joseph Radetzky had smashed the people's barricades. But the day of Italy's Risorgimento (resurrection) came. In 1870 the poor, frugal, industrious country of Mazzini, Garibaldi and Cavour ceased to be a geographical expression, attained nationhood under Vittorio Emanuele II, Rè Galantuomo (the Honest King). It was the shame of the Savoy dynasty that Vittorio Emanuele III helped Fascismo destroy the democratic constitution his grandfather had upheld...
Thus, prophetically, did the passionate choruses of Garibaldi serenade their Austrian oppressors back in 1866, when most of northern Italy was still under the yoke. Garibaldi's War Hymn lived on as one of the most stirring of Italy's patriotic airs until Mussolini suppressed it in favor of the Fascist Giovinezza...
Last week the son of a Garibaldi veteran decided it was time to sound Garibaldi's hymn again. In a Manhattan radio program to be short-waved to Italy, Arturo Toscanini conducted the NBC Symphony in his own special arrangement of the song, added the first movement of Beethoven's Fifth (V for Victory) Symphony, the overture to William Tell, The Star-Spangled Banner, and then broke into tears. Toscanini called his program "Victory, Act I." He Was preparing two more acts...
...When the brave soldiers of Nippon set out in December 1941, the cry was: 'On to Singapore!' Comrades, let your cry be 'On to Delhi!'" Noting that India lacks an army of her own, Bose added: "George Washington had an army when he won freedom. Garibaldi had an army when he liberated Italy. Follow me, in darkness and in sunshine, in sorrow and in joy. ... I shall lead you to victory and freedom...