Word: gautama
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Founder. Gautama, the Buddha, the Enlightened One, was born in northern India six centuries before Christ. As the devout tradition goes, Gautama, a king's son, married a beautiful princess, had a child and lived in silken luxury until he was 29. Then, seeing in turn a sick man, a corpse and an emaciated holy man, he was shocked into a realization of the harshness of life. He became a penniless wanderer and for six years mortified his flesh before deciding that extreme asceticism was not the path of deliverance...
Sitting 49 days under a bo tree, Gautama won through to enlightenment and could have vanished into Nirvana, the final release from the wheel of rebirth. It is the essence of the Buddhist tradition of humanity that he refused to abandon mankind to darkness and pain. He labored until he was 80 to show man the way to enlightenment, and then, in the fullness of years, ended his final reincarnation...
Teachings. Gautama the Buddha left no works written in his own hand, and Buddhism has its problems determining which of the many writings of his disciples most truly reflect the Master's words. Buddha's teachings have some resemblance to those of the later Stoics: he argues that liberation is not gained by rites, liturgies, prayers, magic or sacraments, but only by the deliberate inner search for self. Most effective is right thought and right behavior. Sin does not offend any god, but only the man who commits it. This stern doctrine proved too barren for most...
...Noble Four & Eight. Buddha was born Gautama, the prince, son of a rajah, who gave him palaces, slaves, dancing girls, every kind of beauty and pleasure. One day, on a forbidden ride outside the palace grounds, he encountered four persons: an old man, an ill man, a dead man and an ascetic. Profoundly troubled by this look at reality, 29-year-old Gautama one night took silent leave of his sleeping wife and son and rode...
...people of India celebrate national holidays on the birthdays of Jesus Christ, Mohammed, Mahatma Gandhi, Guru Nanak (a Sikh religious leader) and the Hindu gods Rama and Krishna. Last week the Indian government added a new birthday to the list. The addition: Gautama Buddha, founder of the great religion which has successfully invaded China, Japan, Siam, Burma, Ceylon, but has fallen off in his native India...