Word: geigers
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...following is an excerpt from an article in the November 23, 1958 issue of "Ogonek," a Russian magazine comparable in format and circulation to "Life." The translation is by Kent Geiger. The rest of the article will appear in its entirely next week in the CRIMSON...
Another theory is that the Sputniks' Geiger tubes were blacked out near apogee by Van Allen radiation, and that the Russian scientists did not know how to interpret this odd behavior. The live dog carried in Sputnik II died in about a week, but the Russians have not told whether it was affected by radiation sickness. Very likely they do not know...
...Allen's instrument packages to measure radiation are much more complicated. Their sensing elements are Geiger tubes and scintillation counters that give brief electrical pulses when radiation particles hit them. Some of them are shielded with lead so that they will register only high-energy particles. Others are sensitive only to particles from one direction. The pulses from each instrument are fed to individual audio-frequency (audible sound) oscillators, changing the frequency of the pulses slightly. These modified audio tones are imposed on the high-frequency carrier wave sent out by the satellite's transmitter. Fed into...
...four lower lines on the chart were made by the instruments of Explorer IV while it was passing through the inner Van Allen belt of heavy radiation. Channel I is from a Geiger tube set up to give a pulse when 64 radiation particles have passed through it, is thus intended to record areas of relatively low radiation. Here the radiation is so heavy that the counter is swamped and no meaningful count is recorded. Its small oscillations are mere radio noise...
Channel III, a Geiger tube, records higher rates of radiation, is designed to take over when Channel I is swamped. Here its square-topped waves are indicating about 4,000 counts per second, enough to kill a man exposed to them in a matter of days...