Word: genentech
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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That shortage may soon be eased. In the most dramatic display yet of the controversial genetic engineering technique known as recombinant DNA, independent teams at the University of California in San Francisco and at a small commercial research firm, Genentech Inc., in nearby Palo Alto, used human pituitary tissue to construct the gene, or DNA segment, responsible for the production of somatotropin. They then implanted it in the genetic machinery of a laboratory strain of the common intestinal bacterium Escherichia coli. The gene splicing worked: the re-engineered bugs began to make...
...California groups, led by Howard Goodman and Bill Ruggers, inserted the insulin gene already in bacteria last year but they have been unsuccessful in getting the E. coli to read it, according to Gilbert. The other West Coast project, run by Genentech Inc. and an organic chemist, Dr. Keiichi Itakura, announced in September that it had successfully produced human insulin using E. coli bacteria...
...successful work was a joint effort of two five-man research teams-one at the City of Hope National Medical Center in the Los Angeles suburb of Duarte, under Dr. Keiichi Itakura, the other led by Biochemist David Goeddell at a small South San Francisco biochemical firm, Genentech Inc. Though scientists had already produced a precursor of rat insulin with bacteria, making the finished human variety posed greater difficulties. For it consists of two distinct molecular chains, a so-called A strand and a B strand, each of which is produced separately inside the cells of the pancreas under...
...before bacterial-made insulin reaches the retail pharmacy. City of Hope Diabetologist Rachmiel Levine suggested that this might happen in two to five years. Eli Lilly & Co., which produces most of the insulin now used in the U.S., shied away from such optimistic projections but announced an agreement with Genentech to begin a program for mass-producing insulin with the help of the tiny bacteria...