Word: genentech
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...genome, then -- as better technology became available -- proceed to reading the entire genetic message. Most of the remaining critics were silenced last fall when the NIH chose the respected Watson as project director. Still, some scientists remain wary of the project. Says David Botstein, a vice president at Genentech and a member of the Human Genome Advisory Committee: "We need to test its progress, regulate its growth and slap it down if it becomes a monster. Jim Watson understands the dangers as well...
Developed by South San Francisco's Genentech, Inc., the CD4 currently in clinical trials is a copy of a protein that is anchored in the surface of cells known as T-4 lymphocytes. These cells are a pillar of the immune system and a key target for the AIDS virus. Natural CD4 attracts gp120, a molecule on the surface of the AIDS virus. In the usual course of the disease, the virus uses the natural CD4 to attach itself to a T-4 cell, which it invades and ultimately destroys. Synthetic CD4, however, acts as a decoy by latching onto...
...have the national recognition of a Genentech or Cetus, but Chiron Corp., a small genetic-engineering firm (1987 sales: $20 million) in Emeryville, Calif., has had more than its share of biotech success. Two years ago, a preparation it developed with New Jersey-based Merck to ward off the liver-damaging effects of hepatitis B became the first genetically engineered vaccine to win Food and Drug Administration approval for use in humans...
Scientists are proceeding cautiously with the new therapies. "In any substance that is immunologically active," observes Genentech's Sherwin, "you run the risk of tilting the balance in an unfavorable way. We don't know all of the answers...
...complex organ of them all, the brain. "The immune system has a phenomenal ability for dealing with information, for learning and memory, for creating and storing and using information," explains Immunologist William Paul of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Declares Dr. Stephen Sherwin, director of clinical research at Genentech: "It's an incredible system. It recognizes molecules that have never been in the body before. It can differentiate between what belongs there and what doesn...