Word: general
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...themselves Islam's orthodoxy. In Iran and Iraq, the majority of Muslims are Shi'ites ("partisans" of 'Ali), who differ from the Sunnis in some of their interpretations of the Shari'a and in their understanding of Muhammad's succession. The Prophet left no generally recognized instructions on how the leadership of Islam would be settled after his death. The Sunnis believe that its leader should be nominated by representatives of the community and confirmed by a general oath of allegiance. Shi'ites contend that Muhammad's spiritual authority was passed...
...sudden and shabby end to a once illustrious political career and a long personal ordeal for Bhutto. It began when his government was overthrown by General Mohammed Zia ul-Haq in July 1977. The former Prime Minister was arrested and subsequently charged with concocting a botched plot to assassinate Ahmed Raza Kasuri, 43, a former political associate, in 1974. Kasuri survived the ambush by gunmen who fired on his car, but his father was killed. There were doubts about the extent of Bhutto's guilt and the fairness of his original trial. When the Supreme Court, by a narrow...
...wealthy landowner from Sind province. After earning degrees from the University of California at Berkeley and from Oxford, where he cultivated a taste for fine tailoring and vintage wines, he began his career as a delegate to the U.N. As Foreign Minister in the military government of General Muhammed Ayub Khan, he helped fashion Pakistan's policy of friendship with China. After his country's humiliating defeat in the war that led to independence for Bangladesh, Bhutto, who had quit the Cabinet in 1966 to form his own party, was asked by the generals to take over...
...Bhutto's followers were accused of blatantly rigging the March 1977 elections to ensure his party an overwhelming victory. After months of rioting and turmoil, Bhutto agreed to void the election. A few days later, General Zia, whom Bhutto had named army Chief of Staff, overthrew the government...
...effects of the strike and lockout quickly dented the operations of a wide variety of manufacturing industries. Worst off were the automakers, who stock only a few days' supply of some components. General Motors was forced to cut production and lay off 30,100 hourly workers indefinitely. Ford reduced shifts at 19 of its North American plants. Chrysler closed almost its entire U.S. operation, laying off 77,000 employees in 37 plants...