Word: generalized
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Dates: during 1920-1929
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...perennial warnings of economists of the dangers of an unrestricted growth of population, particularly among the lower classes these laws probably reflect the conventional point of view of the average person. Although organized opposition to the birth-control movement is largely confined to one or two powerful groups, general ignorance or apathy are even more potent in preventing any attempts to establish free discussion of the topic...
Violent opposition to progressive ideas brings them all the more into the lime-light, and although all new things must face a long period of controversy, birth-control knowledge cannot help but become more general in a future era of increasing economic pressure as well as greater freedom of speech...
Psychologically also, courses should receive less emphasis because they tend to substitute a near end for a far end, and blur the student's purpose. As is generally admitted, working for factual course examinations induces memorizing. It emphasizes the method of studying for fact rather than for understanding, because course examinations are apt to be matters of fact. Thus the course system, in the handgrip mouth method of study it inculcates, hinders the student working for a general examination...
While tutorial work may in general conduce to greater progress than attendance at lectures in such fields as history, philosophy, or even literature, the reverse is certainly true of many other departments of study. Lectures in the fine arts, laboratory work in the sciences, discussion groups in mathematics or economic theory can scarcely be supplanted by independent reading on the part of the student...
...make an entire abolition of course attendance undesirable. Whether or not the course reductions at present allowed Seniors who are candidates for honors has struck the proper balance between course and tutorial work in perhaps open to question. But there is certainly little reason to suppose that a general reduction in course requirements at Harvard would be a widespread blessing...