Word: genes
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...lactose gene segments of DNA were chemically complementary and combined easily into a double strand...
...treating the DNA with a special enzyme that dissolves single-stranded DNA but does not effect double strands, the three researchers were able to separate the bacteria's lactose gene from the virus...
Bacterial viruses are much better understood than the more complex animal viruses, but this same basic technique of using viruses as gene retrievers may eventually be used in higher animals, Beckwith said...
...There are still a lot of steps between isolating a bacterial gene and genetic engineering" in a complex organism, Beck-with said yesterday. "But it is much closer than many people realize...
...extract this gene, the scientists took advantage of the fact that when a virus infects a bacterium it sometimes removes a piece of the bacterium's DNA. They infected E. coli with two types of viruses that were specifically bred to remove the lactose gene from E. coli...