Word: geneses
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The overall patterns of gene expression in cells interest drug designers because they provide a molecular lineup of potential drug targets. But scientists trying to identify those targets have long been limited to probing active genes one at a time. No longer. Microarray kits, like those made by Affymetrix, based...
To get a handle on how these proteins vary from one person to the next, members of the Pharmacogenetics of Membrane Transporters project are focusing on 25 different transporters already known to play a role in drug absorption and elimination. The first step is to look at the genes for...
Nowhere has Silicon Valley had a more direct impact on biology than in the invention of the miniature laboratory bench known as the DNA microarray. Microarrays detect active genes by exploiting the fact that when the two strands of a gene in the double-stranded DNA molecule are separated, each...
Although nearly every cell in the body contains a full complement of genes, only a small fraction of those genes are active in any one cell. A cell on the tongue, for instance, may express genes encoding proteins required for taste sensation, while an immune cell battling infection churns out...
To probe cellular gene activity en masse, scientists first isolate the molecules that translate genes into proteins. They then copy these molecules into their corresponding DNA sequences, tag those sequences with fluorescent markers and pour the tagged sequences over the microarray. Active genes in this biochemical stew stick like Velcro...