Word: germanium
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...wherever they were, those new stars should have been extremely bright. But strangely, none could be found. Then Low learned from a visiting astronomer that R Mon seemed to be emitting an abnormally large amount of infra-red radiation. He decided to check on the star with his germanium bolometer, an extremely sensitive infra-red measuring device of his own design (TIME...
...whose eleven divisions concentrate on electronics and also turn out a range of products from heavy multiconductor cables to printing equipment. All the excitement is over one division, the Semiconductor branch. It put Fairchild on the ground floor in miniature silicon transistors, which are more effective than the original germanium variety; last year Fairchild had 30% of the booming U.S. market for silicon transistors. Fairchild's prize division also accounts for one-third of the market for integrated circuits, which are fleck-sized components that do the work of many transistors, and a series of them hooked together could...
More than the Sun. Working with the new 61-in. reflecting telescope at the university's Catalina Observatory near Tucson, Dr. Frank J. Low focused Jupiter's image on a germanium bolometer -an infrared measuring device of his own invention that is more sensitive than any other now in use. After analyzing the feeble radiation, he determined that Jupiter's effective temperature is - 225 °F.-much warmer than the - 274 °F. that Jupiter would register if it were an ordinary planet radiating only the heat it received from the sun. To reach the higher temperature...
...that told the reflector mechanism to reduce neutron leakage. Slowly the nuclear reaction started; heat built up in the core, and a magnetic pump circulated the metallic coolant at 1020°F. through tubes in the skin of the support structure. The inner ends of 2880 pellets of a germanium-silicon material were heated while their outer ends were kept comparatively cool by heat radiation into space. The germanium-silicon combination is "thermoelectric," it changes heat to electricity, and the difference between the two temperatures caused a faint current to flow. That current added up to about 650 watts-hardly...
Overly Ambitious. Machines Bull fell on hard times essentially because it used 19th century management methods to turn out 20th century products. The company's créme de la créme engineers seized eagerly on technological advances (such as faster-access magnetic memory drums and germanium diodes to replace standard tubes). Machines Bull's CMC? system of magnetically coded bank checks was declared superior to a competing U.S. code and got the approval of European banks. The company's sales increased from $7,000,000 in 1952 to $69 million in 1962, and Machines Bull...