Word: germanium
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...toward the other goal of superconductivity researchers, pushing the phenomenon into a practical temperature range, was even slower. By 1973, some 62 years after Kamerlingh Onnes had found superconductivity in mercury at 4.2 K, scientists had upped the temperature to only 23 K, using an alloy of niobium and germanium. After 1973: no improvement...
...much sought-after goal proved to be elusive. In the early 1970s scientists found an alloy of niobium and germanium that lost all resistance at 23 K. Then, last April, a group at the IBM Zurich Research Laboratory in Switzerland announced development of a compound of barium, lanthanum, copper and oxygen that appeared to begin the transition to superconductivity...
...demonstrated a small, simple device that can do many of the jobs now done by vacuum tubes. Called a "Transistor," it is a slim metal cylinder about an inch long. Inside are two hair-thin wires whose points press, two-thousandths of an inch apart, on a pinhead of germanium...