Word: germanium
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...products obsolete. Du Pont's Dacron is giving tough competition to the company's nylon and rayon, and Du Pont has decided to give up making rayon altogether. General Electric's recently announced silicon transistor will sell for half the price of its own germanium transistor...
...leadership of Physicist James Fisk spend up to $155 million of their company's money each year on research and development. Examples: ∙TRANSISTORS. "Twelve years or so ago, I visited the Bell Telephone Laboratories in New Jersey and saw scientists drawing single crystals of very pure germanium from a molten mass. These very pure crystals were seeded with small quantities of vital impurities and then cut up to form the transistors. Their influence on the development of electronics has been very great. Without them, space science and space travel would hardly have been possible." ∙SUPERCONDUCTORS. "Until very...
...rale some harsh public criticism, it has also paid hard dividends. La Générale's hulking Katanga satellite-Union Miniėre du Haut-Katanga-continues to produce 8% to 10% of the free world's copper, some 25% of its germanium, 65% of its cobalt. Throughout the Congo, La Générale's subsidiaries still act as the prime exporters and importers, miners and managers, and are a mighty force in autos, oil, cotton, sugar, rubber, real estate, banking and insurance. La Générale's Congo investments...
...important is that Ralph Bunche is a great man." Hired by Bell Telephone Laboratories right after he graduated from M.I.T. in 1936, Theoretical Physicist Shockley was one of a team that found a use for what had previously been a scientific parlor stunt: the use of silicon and germanium as a photoelectric device. Along with his partners, Shockley won a Nobel Prize for turning hunks of germanium into the first transistors, the educated little crystals that are fast replacing vacuum tubes in the country's booming electronics industry...
...transistor, the most famous solid-state device, is closely analogous to the familiar tubes in radios. Chief difference is that the electrons that make it work do not move across a pumped-out vacuum. Instead, they move through the tiny clear channels between the lined-up atoms of a germanium or silicon crystal, which provide a sort of readymade vacuum...