Word: germanium
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...General Electric and Radio Corp. of America, Texas Instruments Inc. is a lusty newcomer in the U.S. electronics industry. But it can hold its own in any competition. Launched in electronics at the close of World War II, the Dallas company by 1954 was a major military producer of germanium transistors as tiny substitutes for standard electronic tubes. Soon after, it produced an even better silicon transistor for military use, then swept into civilian markets with its germanium transistor for the fast-growing pocket-radio and industrial-computer fields. Last week Texins set its sights on still another profitable business...
...Swedish Royal Academy of Science recognized the fact that few modern scientists work alone. They generally work in teams or as individuals closely linked together by exchanges of ideas and information. The physics prize last week went jointly to three Americans who invented transistors, those specks of educated germanium that do the work of much larger vacuum tubes and have already produced an electronic revolution. The prizemen, Dr. Walter Brattain, Dr. William Shockley and Dr. John Bardeen, did their work in close association at Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill, N.J., and it would have been wrong to give the whole...
Another Bell breakthrough in 1948 was the discovery, after years of basic research into the structure of matter, that a solid metal such as germanium or silicon (earth's most abundant solid element) can be made to act like a vacuum tube, i.e., it will amplify an electric signal. Result: the flea-size transistor−and a king-size new industry. Thirty-five manufacturers have already turned out 7,000,000 transistors v. 1 billion vacuum tubes now in use in the U.S., are doubling output each year. Transistors will multiply the speed of future telephone exchanges...
...newest wonder in U.S. industry is the transistor, a sliver of germanium or silicon no bigger than a shoelace tip, with wisps of wire attached. It is the missing electronic link that is making possible a host of new devices, e.g., a wrist radio, a hearing aid so tiny that it fits inside an eyeglass frame. In a jet fighter the use of transistors cuts 1,500 Ibs. from the plane's weight. Last week the mighty mite had the electrical industry racing madly to expand transistor production: Motorola is putting up a $1,500,000 plant in Phoenix...
...Computer. Bell Telephone Laboratories told last week about a large-capacity electronic computer whose essential works occupy only three cubic feet of space instead of a good-sized room. The reduction of size is due to the replacement of bulky vacuum tubes by 800 tiny transistors and 11,000 germanium diodes. All of them together need only 100 watts ) of current, less than one-twentieth of the power required by a comparable vacuum-tube computer...