Word: germanized
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Three for One. For a starter in 1956, Hanna quietly began to buy D'el Rey stock, then selling at $2.80 per share, bought 12% of the company. Then it discovered that it had competition. German-born Manhattan Investment Banker Leo Model, partner in Model, Roland & Stone and a man who had made (and lost to the Nazis) several fortunes, was also interested, bought in until he had 10% of D'el Rey's stock. When a third group-led by the small Manhattan brokerage firm of Osborne & Thurlow-started bidding and pushed...
...taken by the leading Allies (Britain, France, Japan and the U.S.) during six months (March through August 1918) of diplomatic maneuverings leading up to joint troop landings on Russian soil. Author Kennan makes plain that the initial urge to intervene was based not on the Bolshevik but the German menace. The treaty of Brest-Litovsk took Russia out of the war and left the Germans free to mount what was to be their last massive offensive on the Western Front. The Allies also feared that the port of Murmansk and tens of thousands of tons of war supplies in Archangel...
Moscow, a stiffly honorable diplomat who was not on speaking terms with the key Bolsheviks and believed them to be nothing but German agents. Raymond Robins was the supercharged head of the American Red Cross mission and had become chummy with Lenin and Trotsky. Robins seems to have believed that the exercise of power was a form of occupational therapy for the Soviet leaders and "that they could be made, over a short time, into reliable and effective allies...
...President Wilson was in an idealistic swivet. In Kennan's view, he cherished an "image of the Russians as a simple people, clothed in a peculiar virtue compiled of poverty, helplessness, and remoteness from worldly success-a mass of mute, suppressed idealists languishing beneath the boot of the German captor." The real boot, of course, was the Soviet reign of terror; Lenin and Trotsky, between hasty Kremlin lunches "of salt pork, buckwheat grits, and red caviar," were stamping out all political opposition. Wilson might never have heeded Anglo-French pleas for intervention had it not been for "sentimental" considerations...
Czech Mates. The Brest-Litovsk treaty had stranded a Czechoslovak legion in the Ukraine. Before long, these displaced Czech soldiers were locked in combat with the Reds. Wilson believed that they were fighting against bands of German war prisoners who had rearmed themselves, and when he finally gave the order to intervene on July 6, 1918, the U.S. commitment was mainly limited to "aiding the Czechs against German and Austrian prisoners" and "guarding the military stores at Kola," a village near Murmansk. (There were no military stores at Kola.) When a battalion of U.S. doughboys slogged into combat positions...