Word: gesso
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Dates: during 1920-1929
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...Crespi Collection of Milan--was sent to this country in 1923 for a New York Collection. On the way the steamer on which it had been shipped caught fire, and the painting, though not actually damaged by the flames, was apparently rained by steam, which melted and cracked the gesso ground and loosened the paint. When the picture reached its destination, small pieces of paint all over the surface were detached from the background. Although the pieces were for the most part in place, a few of them through careless handing, had failed out of place and were found underneath...
With the aid of this panel, the painting was removed entirely from the canvas, a new gesso foundation was applied, and the paint was replaced as it had been. In all, the operation took a year and a half of the most delicate work. The results were amazing to students of painting methods, since the picture today is an admirable example of one of the great Venetian masters, instead of being a total loss...
...genuineness of paintings more than 100 years old, or for estimating in some cases the evidence of authorship on more tangible grounds than style and feeling. This development involves the detection of repaint. . . Also a new method or studying the materials used by the artist, including woods, canvasses, gesso, and other rounds, pigment--both old and new--and the various methods of manipulating these materials...