Word: gibbon
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Finally, after two failures at examinations, he got into the military college at Sandhurst. He passed out proudly, eighth in a class of 150. Sent to Bangalore, in southern India, Churchill became a brilliant polo player, and discovered books-Plato, Aristotle, Gibbon, Macaulay, Schopenhauer; he made an intense study of Bartlett's Familiar Quotations. When nobody at the Bangalore garrison could tell him what the word "ethics" meant, he began to read in search of answers. It was a long quest, for Churchill was to spend his life in politics and to learn with his friend John Morley that...
...last 15 years, Dr. John H. Gibbon Jr. has been trying to make a machine which will take over the work of the human heart and lungs during operations. Last week, to speed fulfillment of this surgeons' dream, the National Heart Institute of the U.S. Public Health Service announced that (among more than $8,000,000 in grants) it was allotting $26,827 to Dr. Gibbon and Philadelphia's Jefferson Medical College...
...surgeon and the son of a surgeon, Gibbon believes that there ought to be a way to relieve the heart of work during an operation on it. Not only would such a machine give the surgeon more time; it would also let him lift up the heart and cut into its main vessels, without causing a spurt of blood. This would enable him to see what needed to be done, instead of depending largely on feel. Some of Gibbon's colleagues agree that a mechanical heart would open "the last field of surgery...
...Gibbon has already pried open the gate to the last field. By 1939 he had developed a machine which bypassed the heart and lungs of cats for 20 minutes, with no ill effects. When he resumed the work after wartime duty in the South Pacific, Dr. Gibbon won the backing of Thomas J. Watson, president of International Business Machines Corp. With the help of I.B.M. engineers he has improved the machine, made it more nearly automatic...
Last June, Gibbon reported that his artificial heart had taken over the heart and lung functions of dogs for as long as 46 minutes. He will not even guess when the apparatus will be ready to try on humans. The work of the heart can be done, and done well, by the pumping system; but he is not yet satisfied with the way it does the work of the lungs (putting fresh oxygen into the blood). The lungs' myriad air cells have an absorption area of about 600 sq. ft. A machine duplicating so large an area would...