Word: gideon
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...Supreme Court decisions have been so universally admired as Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), which reversed the burglary conviction of Clarence Gideon, a Florida indigent, because he had been denied free counsel at his trial. The Constitution entitles every defendant to a lawyer, said the court...
Moreover, the Supreme Court not only made Gideon retroactive; it later ex tended the ruling to all defendants who plead guilty rather than stand trial (up to 90% in some states). In addition, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ruled last January that Gideon applies to misdemeanors as well as felonies (Harvey v. Mississippi...
...Safeguards. More recently, two related decisions laid the groundwork for a ruling that even a voluntary confession might be inadmissible in state courts. In Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), the Sixth Amendment right to counsel was extended to all state criminal courts. In Malloy v. Hogan (1964), the Fifth Amendment guarantee against self-incrimination was also extended to the states. As a result, the court took the next step-concluding that police interrogation itself is so crucial in prosecution, that at this stage, as well as in the courtroom, an accused's rights to silence and to counsel...
...Unread Classic has become as much a part of vacation nostalgia as the unvisited museum or the unclaimed laundry. The catchall bookshelf in a rented summer cottage, once the hallowed repository of mildewed National Geographies and Mary Roberts Rinehart, now often runs to Pasternak and Proust, to Galbraith and Gideon's Trumpet. Even in the remotest fishing village, the drugstore often offers a conscience-pricking range of paperback titles. Inevitably, as he scoops up Louis Fischer's Life of Lenin, Camus' The Plague, George Orwell's Essays, and four Ian Flemings for insurance, the vacationer...
...Communist causes.) In 1954, Fortas persuaded the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia to broaden the definition of legal insanity in the light of psychiatric knowledge, a decision that is still reverberating through the courts. In 1962, the Supreme Court picked him to appeal the celebrated Gideon case; he argued brilliantly and induced the court to rule that any citizen, no matter how humble he was, or how guilty he seemed, had the right to legal counsel, even if the state...