Word: gideons
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...ignored the poetic justice rendered to Justices Black and Douglas when you cited the Betts and Gideon cases in your new Law section [Oct. 18]. These justices dissented in Betts in 1942 and were vindicated in Gideon...
...Gideon shows that the "due process" clause of the 14th Amendment now appears to compel the states to apply the guarantees of the Constitution's Bill of Rights in toto. Justice Harlan alone expressed serious reservations regarding the legality and wisdom of this principle...
Improving Justice. While the Gideon decision will undoubtedly lead to the freeing of many prisoners who were guilty as charged, it has also improved the processes of justice in new criminal cases in Florida. After the Supreme Court ruling, Florida speedily passed a public-defender law requiring courts to appoint counsel in criminal cases unless the defendant explicitly waives his right to counsel. And courts have begun to keep fuller, more careful records in all criminal prosecutions...
...time of the Gideon decision, four states in addition to Florida-Alabama, Mississippi and the two Carolinas -had no laws requiring counsel for indigent defendants except in capital cases. Since then, the legislatures in Alabama and North Carolina have passed measures to provide counsel for lawyerless defendants in all felony cases. Mississippi courts have adopted a policy of appointing counsel for defendants charged with felonies, and South Carolina judges no longer permit defendants without counsel to plead guilty. In all four states, prisoners have petitioned for review of their cases...
...what of Clarence Gideon himself? He was retried in a state court, acquitted and freed. He is now living in Gainesville, Fla., lawfully employed as an electrician...