Word: ginzburg
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Early in his Moscow stay, Clark came to know the Soviet dissidents whose names would gain world attention: Yuri Orlov, Alexander Ginzburg, Anatoli Shcharansky. It was Shcharansky who acted as Clark's interlocutor and interpreter in several talks with Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Andrei Sakharov. Recalls Clark: "Shcharansky seemed merely to be busying himself while awaiting emigration to Israel, for which he had repeatedly applied, perhaps believing that by making himself obnoxious to the authorities they would kick him out. How wrong...
...about the severity of the punishment. The Soviets resolved that question late last week by imposing on Dissident Leader Anatoli Shcharansky a term of 13 years in prison and hard labor camp for treason (see WORLD). President Carter, who had called the trials of Shcharansky and Fellow Dissident Alexander Ginzburg "an attack on every human being who lives in the world who believes in basic human freedom," said the verdict produced a "sadness the whole world feels." In Germany for a summit conference of major industrial democracies, Carter responded to criticism of his campaign for human rights by adding...
Throughout the Western world, there was a storm of protest directed against the Shcharansky trial and the court cases conducted simultaneously against two other human rights activists: Alexander Ginzburg and Viktoras Pektus. They also were found guilty last week and sentenced respectively to eight and ten years. In Britain, Prime Minister James Callaghan charged that these cases "bear some of the hallmarks of the trials we knew in Stalin's day" (see box). In Israel, where attacks on Soviet Jews are perceived as a family tragedy, Premier Menachem Begin said that Shcharansky's "only sin was that he wanted...
France's Communist Party, which is somewhat more Moscow-oriented than Italy's, dispatched a message to the Soviet embassy asking for the release of Shcharansky and Ginzburg and an end to all "repressive acts" against them. The next day the French capital was treated to the surprising spectacle of a mass demonstration on the dissidents' behalf that brought together French Communist officials and Jewish groups, such as the Youths for Zionism. Arms linked, they marched through the street to the rhythmic chant UPI of "KGB equals Gestapo" and "Socialism, yes?Gulag...
...simultaneously an advocate of the Jewish struggle for free emigration and of various ethnic groups that seek to reform Soviet society from the inside. (Jews are the only national group that has been allowed to emigrate abroad in substantial numbers, on the ground that their homeland is Israel.) Ginzburg was not only an active Helsinki committee member but also a champion of the Soviet Union's estimated 10,000 political prisoners. Pektus, a longtime Roman Catholic activist in his native Lithuania, represented both the religious and national aspirations of Russian-dominated minorities inside the U.S.S.R...