Word: given
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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There are so many variables that must be taken into account in a given problem in the Social Sciences, Mosteller stated, that before the advent of the Mark III it was impossible to predict statistically the chances for marital success...
...typical problem in education would appear like this: We are given letter grades in four coursed for a certain number of individuals. We would like to pool these letter grades to form a scale of scholastic achievement. Since the distribution of grades in the several courses are quite different, even more variable must be considered in the problem...
...Note that there are here two distinct questions, Crozier continued. "The adequate imitation of a given kind of end result as achieved by an organism does not at all imply that the mechanism whereby the organism acts or decides has been duplicated. For engineering purposes, as in the "no hands" operation of a production line, this may be quite immaterial (so long as men keep the surrogate in good working order). But the physiologists's job is different. What he seeks is not merely an overall model. He really looks for an understanding of the actual mechanisms whereby the organic...
Both the information for carrying out given operations and the numbers with which the operations are performed are represented by small magnetic spots on the surface of the rapidly rotating drums. An elaborate system of recorders and play-backs "circulate" the information between the drums and other parts of the machine...
...typical command, of which the drum will hold 4000 in sequence, might read: "select the Number in A-1 and add to it the Number in B-2 and put the sum in C-3." Such a command can be given and the work accomplished by the computing section of the machine every four thousandth of a second...