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...Annika Paukner of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Animal Center and her colleague Pier Ferrari as well as two Italian researchers, structured the study this way: two experimenters, each holding a small plastic ball, faced each monkey in its cage (10 monkeys in all participated). The monkey was given an identical ball. One of the experimenters imitated whatever the monkey did with the ball - poking it, mouthing it, pounding it. The other experimenter didn't imitate the animal. (See pictures of monkeys and other animals in space...
...diseases. In 2008 about 60% of the world's funding for research into major epidemics went to AIDS and malaria; diarrhea received a tiny fraction in comparison. Just 4% of all U.S. funding for research into major developing-world epidemics in 2007 went to diarrhea. The European Commission has given about $1.33 billion to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria since it was created in 2002. No specific funds are dedicated to diarrhea programs, though the Commission funds health services in poor countries and helps upgrade water and sanitation services. The International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research...
...been the main treatment - in many places the only treatment - since the early 1970s, when U.N. officials first distributed sachets of sugar and salt to refugees in South Asia in an attempt to reduce cholera deaths. Today rehydration salts mixed with clean water are given to millions of poor across Africa and Asia. It works: the glucose in the water slows the exit of fluids from the body, allowing electrolytes to be absorbed through the intestinal walls and thus halting potentially deadly dehydration. (See pictures of the politics of water in Central Asia...
...country donors and drug companies: about 20 firms in countries from France to India have begun manufacturing zinc tablets during the past few years. "The private sector was never really interested in ORT," Fontaine says. "But zinc has totally taken off. It looks like real medicine and is not given out for free." (See pictures of Ethiopia's harvest of hunger...
...their lives. The group had lost seven children between them, four to diarrhea. Kinza Diallo, 29, says that when her 1-year-old daughter contracted diarrhea in 2004, she clutched her on the back of a motorbike for the hour's ride to the nearest hospital, where she was given "pills" and sent away. The girl died two days later. "Diarrhea has killed three of my children," she says. "I have been very unlucky." Now, she says, when one of her children gets sick she heads straight to the village pharmacy and buys a course of zinc tablets. Though several...