Word: glasse
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Dates: during 1890-1899
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...Woodward, of the Scientific School, has devised a new form of ray lamp, by means of which excellent radiographs have been obtained. As the sides of the lamp permit cathode rays to pass through them, the fact that with it radiographs may be obtained contradicts the theory that a glass envelope plays an essential part in the generation of Rontgen rays...
...rays will go through sheets of aluminum 1-10 of an inch thick; a greater thickness of aluminum will absorb only a portion of the rays. The glass of the Crooke's tube is only 1-60th of an inch thick, but even glass as thin as this absorbs so many rays that it presents great obstacles. It has been suggested that an aluminum window be put in the tube and that the photographs be taken with the rays that come through the aluminum, for the reason that the aluminum absorbs hardly any rays while the thinnest glass absorbs...
Cathode photographs have been called shadow pictures, but this is not an exactly correct name for them. This is because a piece of glass as thick as a piece of paper absorbs a large number of rays and throws a very thick shadow on the plate while even a thick piece of wood throws hardly any shadow. The shadow photograph, however, is very exact in other respects. In the photograph of the human hand it shows the gradations of the absorption of the rays with the thickness of the bones...
Celluloid tubes and tubes of wood soaked in some substance making it air tight have also been suggested. The objection to these are that the wires entering through these substances get heated and heat everything we know of except glass...
...plate plays a big part in cathode photography. The successful photographs of the human hand have been those where the palm was facing the cathode, which put the bones nearer the plate by a very little. The greatest interest in the experiments is because of its application to surgery. Glass can be easily detected in the hand and in the foot...