Word: globalization
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...ended. This may come as a surprise to most laymen?but not to U.S. naval experts. While Russia's stock of intercontinental missiles and its huge land army on Europe's periphery still remain the major military threats to the West, in recent years the Russians have developed a global navy second only to the U.S. in size and weaponry. As a comparison between the two navies shows (see chart), the U.S. remains indisputably the world's greatest sea power. But, in a remarkable turnaround since World War II, Moscow has transformed a relatively insignificant coastal-defense force that seldom...
American Response. Such drawbacks are unlikely to deter the Soviet Union from placing increasing emphasis on seapower. Moscow not only relishes the new global reach that Admiral Gorsh-kov's navy has finally brought it, but it also views as an ideal opportunity the chance to capitalize on the U.S.'s preoccupation with Viet Nam and Britain's hasty withdrawal from East of Suez, seeking to impose its own presence where Western influence is diminishing...
...Soviet emphasis on seapower represents a major strategic decision. With its arsenal of 720 ICBMs more than offset by a larger U.S. deterrent, with its huge land army muscle-bound and deprived of global mobility in the middle of the great Eurasian land mass, Russia has turned to the sea to break out of its own geographic confines and attempt to wield truly global power...
...aftermath of World War II, the international casualty list read like a global roll call. Europe was an economic ruin; Russia was still reeling; Japan was shattered; China and Southeast Asia were torn by revolution. By comparison, the U.S. seemed a privileged party indeed. It boasted 40% of the world's income and a burgeoning economy. It was as rich as ever in natural resources, its population was growing, and it had an enormous output of food. It also had incredible military muscle; it possessed the world's only nuclear weapons...
...basic irony that the balance of terror between nuclear powers, which has helped to prevent a global conflict, has also hampered peaceful diplomacy. For the ability to exercise military force is the ultimate threat behind all international arguments. Yet the patent and proper reluctance of big powers to resort to their biggest weapons gives smaller states an opportunity for mischief and arrogance. The difficulty of reacting without overreacting sets a definite limit on power. Thus Castro feels free to talk tough with Russia; the Rhodesians thumb their noses at the British; little Cambodia dares the wrath of Red China...