Word: globulin
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...cells as "self" (part of the same body) or "not self" (invaders to be destroyed). In the presence of "self" cells the lymphoid cells remain passive, but if they detect foreign material, they manufacture antibodies to contain or attack the invader. These antibodies are in the form of gamma globulin particles. Some remain on the surface of the lymphoid cells and circulate with them; others, free-floating, circulate in the blood stream. Both kinds adhere to cells in the foreign tissues of such organs as the transplanted heart. Which type is more important in graft rejection is still debated. What...
Last week Dr. Gerald Edelman and his colleagues at Rockefeller University demonstrated that they were equal to the challenge. They announced that they have successfully deciphered the chemical structure of an entire gamma globulin or antibody molecule, one of the basic defenders against disease in all the higher forms of life...
...Acid. Because these molecules occur in such enormous variety in the body, scientists can rarely get a large quantity of any single antibody from normal individuals. But one form of cancer of the antibody-forming cells, multiple myeloma, causes proliferation of cells that then mass produce a pure gamma globulin that is unique to each patient. From a cooperative myeloma victim, the Rockefeller researchers obtained samples of blood and processed it to extract the globulin antibody. The remaining blood was returned to the donor. In H years, they got what by molecular standards is a huge amount...
Although the Peace Corps gives all its volunteers massive shots of gamma globulin every four to six months, infectious hepatitis is still their occupational disease because of the unsanitary conditions where they work. In the U.S., a majority of the approximately 150 cases of acute yellow atrophy reported each year are caused by infectious hepatitis, Trey believes. Even with his exchange-transfusion treatment, the survival rate is only 22%, but that is far better than the pretransfusion...
...most noted transplant teams have now turned to antilymphocyte serum or globulin (TIME July 26). It is made by injecting human white blood cells into animals (usually horses), which make antibody against them. When this antibody, extracted from the animal's serum, is injected into a transplant patient, it interferes with the ability of his own white cells to make antibody against his graft...