Word: goa
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...achieving their ends without resorting to violence put a great deal of faith in satyagraha, or reliance on soul force. Sometimes this takes the form of marching demonstrators who may provoke attack but won't respond to it. As a method of persuading Portugal to give up Goa, the Rhode Island-sized colony on India's west coast, satyagraha was a failure last year. So was diplomacy...
Portuguese Dictator Salazar stubbornly held on to Goa, warned that there would be no transfer to sovereignty "by peaceful means," as Prime Minister Nehru suggested. The challenge was an embarrassment to Nehru, who constantly advises other countries to settle their differences by nonviolent means, and is reported to have boasted to Red China's Chou Enlai: "Watch how we get Goa without using force." This month, as India's Independence Day approached, in the absence of any better policy towards Goa, Nehru permitted his followers to try satyagraha again...
Through the Mud. On the Goa border near the town of Banda last week while the sullen monsoon rains fell, some 60 satyagrahis, watched by a small group of foreign newsmen, unfurled India's tricolors and squashed through the mud towards Goa, shouting "Goa India ek hail" (Goa and India are one). In a stone customs post at the border were ten Portuguese and Goan policemen armed with rifles and Sten guns. Half concealed in thick bush behind them were white Portuguese and Negro soldiers from Mozambique. The satyagrahis had advanced 30 feet inside the Goa border when...
...between the two countries are notably stronger than those between Spain and the former Spanish colonies in the New World -partly because Brazil won her independence from Portugal (in 1822) without gunfire and bloodshed. When Portugal got into a quarrel with India last year over the tiny colony of Goa, Brazil sent India a note backing Portugal's stand, and the Portuguese are still aglow with gratitude...
During the week, while others were scoring debating points, Chou had worked quietly and dexterously. Moving softly from delegate to delegate, he had offered something for everybody. He teased Japan with talk of increased trade, supported India's claim to Goa, wooed Egypt's handsome Premier Gamal Abdel Nasser and the other Arab states by voting to condemn Israel. Most important of all, he concluded and signed an agreement with Indonesia on the troubled question of the dual nationality of 2,500,000 overseas Chinese-they had a year to choose whether to become citizens of Indonesia...