Word: gogarten
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Died. Friedrich Gogarten, 80, German theologian; of a heart attack; in Göttingen, Germany. An influential but little-known force in the shifting tide of modern Protestantism, Gogarten first joined Karl Earth in the 1920s in a revolt against liberal Christianity, postulating a neo-orthodoxy that stressed the Biblical imperatives of God's word to man. He retreated into seclusion when the Nazis took and twisted to their own ends his idea of a necessary link between theology and a dynamic' social order. After the war, Gogarten backed Rudolf Bultmann's demythologization of the Bible...
Theologian, Gogarten sees in secularization two separate but related processes. One is a revolt against organized religion, in which ideas and in stitutions that once were Christian have been transformed into totally profane and human phenomena. Education, for example, was once considered an exclusively religious responsibility, and in the Middle Ages, the state was thought to be subject to the church. The deeper meaning of secularization is the transformation of man's relationship to the universe from that of a hapless prisoner of cosmic fate to that of free, responsible custodian of the world and everything...
Expectably enough, Gogarten attributes the revolt against churchly control of modern life to science and the industrial revolution. But this revolt could not have been achieved, he argues, without the broader aspect of secularization, which has its origins in the prophetic message of Judaism and Christianity. In ancient times, says Gogarten, man envisioned himself as a creature entwined with and contained by a divinized cosmos. The uniqueness of Judaism, and more especially of Christianity, was that it challenged this narrow and self-limited view of life, and proclaimed man's freedom under God within the world. As St. Paul...
Open to Encounter. Gogarten concedes that the churches through history have been sorely tempted to ignore this insight, and names Luther as the first Christian thinker to work out its implications. The meaning of the message, Gogarten argues, is that Christianity has nothing to fear from secularization, since it is the fulfillment of Jesus' instruction for man to take responsibility for life. What Christianity -and man in general-needs to worry about is secularism, by which he means a closed attitude to life that shuts out all possibility of transcendence and dogmatically declares that this world is all there...
Responsibility for the world, Gogarten argues, requires that man be open toward the mystery of being and the unknowable possibilities of the future-something that secularism refuses to do. And by remaining open to the future, man, in effect, becomes open to the encounter with God. For Gogarten, God is not a static, distant Creator of past aeons; instead, he is the "Coming One," a hidden God who seeks man in the reality in which he lives. Thus, God is not behind history or apart from it, but ahead of it; and what points to his presence is the unfathomable...