Word: golfed
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...year later, however, it is disappointingly the same. Says Calvin Peete, the foremost black pro: "Shoal Creek really did not have much impact." The nation's private golf clubs -- symbols of power and privilege at play, manicured enclaves of racial, religious and sexual discrimination -- show few signs of more than token reform...
...least eight others gave up major championships rather than meet the rules, although a few have since begun to admit blacks and can regain eligibility. The St. Louis Country Club in Ladue, Mo., ceded the 1992 Women's Amateur Championships, ostensibly because it is renovating its greens. The Chicago Golf Club in Wheaton, Ill., relinquished the 1993 Walker Cup. Aronimink Golf Club in Newtown Square, Pa., took in a few blacks as junior members in recent months but withdrew from the 1993 P.G.A. championship because it could not guarantee that such members would move up to full voting status...
That is apparently typical: industry experts estimate that three-quarters of the nation's 5,232 private golf and country clubs have no black members. Among 74 private clubs in the Chicago area, only 10 say they have black members, and only 26 enroll women. In the moneyed Westchester County suburbs of New York, only 11 of the 39 clubs have black members. In metropolitan Detroit, the tally...
Discrimination against Hispanics is less sweeping but nonetheless apparent. In a 1990 survey of 20 courses on the pro-golfing circuit, nine said they had Hispanics as members; one declared it had none. The other 10 courses did not respond on the issue. Says Rudy Berumen, a Tempe, Ariz., member of the Mexican-American Golf Association: "It's not that easy for a Hispanic to join some clubs around here. But it would be tougher for a black, unless he was a Governor or Senator...
Snobbery and exclusion have long been inseparable from golf. Playing even one round requires the use of expensive equipment, access to landscaped acres of greensward and, for most people, expensive lessons in technique. A caddy is a sort of walk-along valet. At private Baltusrol, new members put up $25,000 as an initiation fee, plus a $5,250 bond and $3,900 yearly dues. In times gone by, those economic facts alone might have barred most blacks. But, just in case, the sport had overtly racist rules and practices. Blacks did not play in the elite Masters tournament...