Word: gomulka
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Almost immediately, nearly everyone's attention was focused on Poland and Hungary. In October, Wladyslaw Gomulka had been elected First Secretary of the Polish party's Central Committee in defiance of the Soviets. Khrushchev and other leaders felt constrained to accept Gomulka because they were loath to suppress the Poles by force. "You know," a friend in the Foreign Ministry told me, "the Poles hate us; they would fight at the drop of a hat." I knew it was true. Still, there was no danger that Poland could break away from...
Raising food prices is a risky undertaking in Poland. Former Communist Party Secretary Wladyslaw Gomulka fell from power in 1970 partly because of unrest over food price hikes, and the organizing drive that produced Solidarity was born out of anger over 1980 increases. With such memories still painfully fresh, the government of General Wojciech Jaruzelski last week began imposing the third set of price increases since martial law was declared in December 1981 and the first since it was lifted last July. The increases were sure to appear at the top of the agenda when Communist Party officials gathered...
DIED. Wladyslaw Gomulka, 77, Polish leader who retained a fierce loyalty to traditional Communist dogma despite his "Polish road to socialism" approach that irritated the Kremlin; of cancer; in Warsaw. Once considered one of the most influential leaders in the Communist world, Gomulka insisted that Communist countries should retain a degree of independence in domestic matters, even while supporting the general Soviet policy line, a view that resulted in his removal in 1948 as Poland's leader. Jailed from 1951 to 1954 for opposing Stalinist economic collectivization, he returned to power in 1956 following the Poznan "bread and freedom...
...Polish doctor who was shot by invading German troops in 1939, Rakowski emerged from the war a fervent Communist and, for a while, a committed Stalinist. Rakowski's taste for reform developed in 1956, when Wladyslaw Gomulka became head of the Polish Communist Party, promising greater freedom and economic progress. Under Rakowski's editorship, Polityka refused to join a campaign against the Catholic Church in 1966. In 1968 Rakowski, who was by then a deputy member of the Central Committee, not only refused to support an anti-Semitic purge but protected the Jews who worked...
Church-state relations became more stable after 1970 under Gomulka's successor, Edward Gierek, although Wyszynski continued to lash out against specific abuses. Following the bloody repression of the 1976 food price riots, for example, he denounced the government's persecution of the demonstrators...