Word: gomulka
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...been shipped to market last season that the country was fresh out of meat. Such belated measures as rationing meat and importing 20,000 tons of Soviet beef had not ended the meat shortage (TIME, Oct. 12), and last week, as the crisis got worse, Communist Boss Wladyslaw Gomulka and his ministers were trying every desperate trick. They convicted 101 official state slaughterers of black-marketing in the Warsaw area, arrested 88 "meat speculators" at Lodz. More ominously, they decreed that the country's still largely independent farmers (only 12% are collectivized) could no longer sell meat in public...
While U.S. agents were keeping Defector Monat under wraps, Poland's Communist Boss Wladyslaw Gomulka reacted swiftly by appointing tough Lieut. General Kazimierz Witaszewski deputy chief of staff in charge of army intelligence. A fiery pro-Stalinist who had supported the Russians in 1956 in their attempt to overthrow Gomulka himself, General Witaszewski might not be able to improve the quality of Polish espionage, but he could be counted upon to make the apparatus more escapeproof...
Arriving in Warsaw in June 1958, quiet, spectacled Abe Rosenthal faithfully reported the effects of the Wladyslaw Gomulka regime's relaxation of the Stalinist-type controls that had long choked Poland's political, economic and cultural growth. But when, beginning with a food crisis in October, Gomulka began tightening the economic screws again, Rosenthal reported that trend with equal accuracy. Filing stories that the heavily censored Polish press dared not print, Rosenthal disclosed that the Soviet Union was sending meat to Poland to meet the food shortage. He wrote a complete account of the denunciation by the Soviet...
...scapegoat for his economic problems. Gomulka fired Minister of Agriculture Edward Ochab, once a Stalinist too, but later a collaborator of Gomulka's in liberalizing agriculture. Ochab had been home barely a week from a trip to the U.S. when the blow fell (he got a new post in the party secretariat). By implication, he was blamed for the colossal meat mess this year that has left Poland, once a substantial food exporter, hardly able to feed itself. To make matters worse, inflation is a major threat, largely because of higher bonuses and wages that factory chiefs have been...
Apparently Gomulka hopes to seek his cure in a return to the doctrinaire methods of the Stalinists, but he can only do so at the grave risk of political upheaval. Many a loyal Gomulka supporter is beginning to grumble. One of them, 41-year-old Politburo Member Jerzy Morawski, one of Gomulka's closest lieutenants, turned in his resignation last week at news that the old tough crowd was back...