Word: gomulkaism
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Nagy had spoken as correctly. Instead Nagy, yielding to the pressure of his people (and perhaps his conscience) had declared for neutrality, had denounced the Warsaw Pact and demanded the withdrawal of Soviet troops. Nagy had committed the cardinal crime of admitting non-Communists to his government. The good Gomulka, made wise by subsequent events in Hungary, had emphasized "accord" with the Soviet Union, had reaffirmed the Warsaw Pact and was rebuilding his government on strictly Communist lines. As they all drove off together in big black limousines, Kremlin cordiality seemed to promise a set of formulas aimed to satisfy...
Some of those formulas were already working. At the time of Khrushchev's descent on Warsaw the newly reinstated Gomulka had been on the point of firing the Soviet officers commanding Poland's 25-division army and had promised reforms in government. Last week, instead of being fired from the Polish Defense Ministry, Russia's Marshal Konstantin Rokossovsky was apparently to be gently pushed upstairs into Marshal Ivan Konev's job as top commander of all Warsaw Pact forces. Some 30 Soviet officers "resigning" from Polish units were wined and dined and presented with Polish decorations...
...State (Collective) Farms has merged with the Ministry of Agriculture. The press is still shackled, but Voice of America and Radio Free Europe broadcasts are no longer to be jammed. The Sejm (Parliament) enacted a new electoral law which promised liberalized, if not "free," elections in January. In Moscow Gomulka negotiated for more wheat and coal...
...dissolved in the Szczecin district alone), workers took over factories, and university students demonstrated all over the country. The situation paralleled that in Hungary, except that the Communist leadership apparently reacted in time, and so earned a breathing space. Now something of a hero for his defiance of Khrushchev, Gomulka is using every available means, including the pleas of released Cardinal Wyszynski, to foster "national unity and calm." According to all reports out of Poland, the people are in a calmer and less demanding mood than for some time past, sobered not so much by Gomulka's words...
...Gomulka gradualism has something in it for everybody-a chance for Poles to bring pressure without civil war, a chance for Russia to give concessions while keeping control. Thin-faced Wladyslaw Gomulka was the necessary man in between, an attractive place to stand-if only a man didn't have to plant both feet on a razor's edge. As he left Moscow he observed: "We can say with joy that our fears are not confirmed...