Word: gomulkaism
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...last time the Polish Communist Party held a congress, back in 1954, Wladyslaw Gomulka was in jail-a Communist leader long out of favor with Stalin. But this time, as 3,000 delegates from all corners of the country gathered in Warsaw's ugly Palace of Culture and Science, Gomulka was plainly running the show and the country. His rasping, 200-page, seven-hour keynote speech was a catalogue of past achievement and future confidence, and if any in the audience still doubted the wizened little man's survival power, their doubts vanished before the week...
...gathering were delegations from every Communist nation except Yugoslavia. Their presence was a solid sign that Gomulka is a member in good standing of the world Communist club, despite his highly unorthodox approach to Communism in Poland...
...least partly by Poland's Cardinal Wyszynski during his recently-completed 22-month visit to Rome. As the church's highest-ranking prelate who deals with Communism at first hand, Wyszynski is said to have made this case to Pope John and Cardinal Tardini: Polish Premier Gomulka is increasingly dependent on Poland's Catholics (82.4% of the population) to keep him at least partly independent of Moscow's smothering embrace, and the situation might be used to pry from Gomulka some additional concessions to Polish Catholics. But one of Wyszynski's embarrassments in such maneuvers...
Between a cagey, determined peasantry on one side and the knowledge that Nikita Khrushchev must think this is a poor way to run a socialist country, Gomulka must do a delicate dance. Just before his Moscow trip last fall, he proclaimed that renewed collectivization "is inevitable." Immediately, private farmers began slaughtering livestock to avoid being forced to turn it over to the state. They sold so many calves on the open market that Poland, glutted with meat in 1958, faces a meat shortage...
...desperate effort to stop the trend, the government announced last week that it would pay up to 36% higher prices for compulsory livestock deliveries. But the government's prices are still far below the free market prices. Gomulka is caught in a dilemma: he cannot go on as a leader of a socialist country whose farm sector is only 1% socialist; yet every time he breathes too strongly in the socialist direction, the peasantry resists...