Word: gomulkaism
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...rejected by the U.S. for lack of adequate guarantees, but may have helped pave the way for the 1968 nuclear nonproliferation treaty. Rapacki's recent position was weakened not only by refusing to go along with the campaign against Jews, which other leaders, including Party Boss Wladyslaw Gomulka, joined only reluctantly, but also by opposing Poland's role in the Czechoslovak invasion...
Torpid Bureaucracy. Poland's new Foreign Minister is Stefan Jedrychowski, 58, a Politburo member and head of the state planning commission for the past twelve years. As an officer of the Soviet-sponsored political group that Stalin imposed on Poland in 1944-and a trusted Gomulka lieutenant-Jedrychowski can be expected to change none of the pro-Moscow fervor of Poland's foreign policy. But change may be in store for the nation's flailing economy now that Jedrychowski has left its top planning post...
Second-Class Berths. Whether intentionally or not, Gomulka's words set off an unprecedented debate among hard-lining Poles and many of the 250 foreign Communist guests at their Party Congress. The nonruling parties of Western Europe, Gomulka announced haughtily, should not expect to carry any weight with Eastern Europe's Communist rulers, "who carry the direct responsibility for the development of power in their countries as well as of the socialist system...
...effect, Gomulka was suggesting second-class berths for weaker parties, and Western European Communists were furious. The leaders of French and Italian delegations both rose to announce that their parties intended to travel "our road toward socialism," as Italian Giancarlo Pajetta put it. Rumanian Delegate Chivu Stoica also declined to line up behind Gomulka's thesis. Russian Party Boss Leonid Brezhnev plumped for the Kremlin's long-sought Communist summit, which was postponed indefinitely after the invasion. But it was all too clear that European Communists are in no mood to convene in harmony...
Kremlin Image. For Gomulka, the squabbling among his visitors provided a welcome change in agenda from the showdown involving his leadership that seemed inevitable three months ago. His challenger was Mieczyslaw Moczar, chief of Poland's secret police and head of its influential partisans' organization, who had exploited several areas of Polish dissatisfaction to gain impressive leverage for himself. Chief among these issues was the Kremlin's overbearing influence, which has kept the economy geared to heavy industry and Russian-bound exports at a time when Poles, like other Soviet-bloc countries, were demanding consumer goods. Moczar...