Word: gomulkaism
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Wyszynski remained under house arrest for the next three years. The ordeal ended in 1956, when Wladyslaw Gomulka came to power after a national upheaval and released the Primate in a bid for popular support. Wyszynski responded with a public call for "national unity and calm" that helped restore order and averted a threatened Soviet invasion. There followed a period of precarious tactical cooperation between the Cardinal and the Communist leader. Then, as always, Wyszynski's goal was to push for more freedom without precipitating retaliation by the Communists that would cancel his gains...
...problems began, paradoxically, with a decision that was at first applauded. To avoid the unrest that had top pled his predecessor, Wladyslaw Gomulka, in 1970, recently ousted Party Chief Edward Gierek embarked on a crash program to modernize Polish industry. The first results were impressive. From 1971 to 1975 industrial output soared 70%, and real wages rose at an annual average...
...party machinery according to the wishes of the Politburo and the party secretaries. To satisfy so many constituencies, as he evidently did, Kania needed considerable bureaucratic skill-and the political finesse of a big-city mayor. As security chief, he expanded his power base while weeding out Gomulka loyalists and Stalinist diehards...
After Wladyslaw Gomulka's 1970 ouster as Communist Party Chief, following a disastrous series of riots over food prices, his successor came to power on a wave of popular good will, a man of the people who would change things. As gregarious and outgoing as Gomulka was dour and withdrawn, Edward Gierek began meeting directly with workers to hear their complaints. Time and again he asked: "Will you help me?" Delighted with his down-to-earth style, the workers shouted back: "We will...
...Gomulka flirted briefly with liberalization after he was named party boss in 1956, but then clamped a repressive lid on the country. Initially Gierek delivered on many of his own early promises, allowing Poles freer access to Western cultural influences and more opportunity to travel abroad. "For the first few years, the quality of life improved markedly in Poland," recalls one Western diplomat who served in Warsaw. "He enjoyed a measure of support that transcended anything during the Gomulka years." But by the mid-1970s, things began finance sour under Gierek too, as the country went heavily into debt...