Word: gomulkaism
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...clearly casting his vote in the row between Nikita Khrushchev and China's Mao Tse-tung, the exalted twosome of Communism. One after the other, Khrushchev's Soviet comrades called down fire and brimstone on the anti-party group and defiant Albania. Poland's Wladyslaw Gomulka, East Germany's tottering Walter Ulbricht, Hungary's Kadar, Czechoslovakia's Novotny and Rumania's Gheorghiu-Dej followed suit...
Like President Eisenhower before him, President Kennedy thought for a while that it might be possible, by holding out the U.S. hand of friendship and financial aid, to lure such occasionally dissident Communist dictators as Yugoslavia's Tito and Poland's Wladyslaw Gomulka to the side of the West. But recent events have changed the President's mind. Gomulka, following Moscow's lead, moved toward partial mobilization of Poland's armed forces, and warned that Poland would not "remain passive" in the Berlin crisis. And fortnight ago, at the conference of neutrals in Belgrade, Tito...
...their hostility, both Poland and Yugoslavia have profited handsomely from U.S. aid. Since 1957, when the Eisenhower Administration decided to assist Gomulka in his mild revolt against Stalinism, the U.S. has sold Poland $365 million worth of surplus agricultural commodities (paid for in zlotys, which can be used by the U.S. only in Poland itself), extended $61 million for machinery. In the past decade, Yugoslavia has received at least $1.5 billion in U.S. grants, plus $250 million worth of credits...
Polish painters, as Selz found, have been relatively free to travel since Gomulka came to power in 1956. "They are swiftly aware of art events, whether in New York or Barcelona." Selz points out. In a country where to be educated often means to speak French, the main tie is still with Paris, and even the Poles have not always escaped being more stylish than profound. But if the splashy oils, crumpled collages and floating, ambiguous forms often suggest bolder and earlier experiments by better-known painters in the West, the passion and verve behind the paintings is pure Polish...
...Congress while virtually ignoring the 40th anniversary of the Chinese party in Peking. Pravda, which uses layout and column inch with Politburo precision, reported the Ulan Bator festivities in a big Page One spread, relegated the Peking fete to a small item on page 6. Polish Party Leader Wladyslaw Gomulka and Premier Josef Cyrankiewicz set off to pay an official visit to Ulan Bator, but have been told by Khrushchev to stop there, not to go on to neighboring China. Russia publicly embarrassed the Chinese by unilaterally announcing last week that China was $300 million in debt to Moscow...