Word: gomulkaism
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...tung had made himself felt in Moscow. For two years Communist specialists in the West have been speculating that Mao had something close to a veto over some aspects of Soviet policy. Such speculation began when the Poles and Yugoslavs-soon after the October revolt that brought Wladyslaw Gomulka to power in Warsaw-reported that Mao was pressuring the Soviets to follow a more liberal policy toward the satellites. Warsaw and Belgrade saw Mao as their best champion in the Kremlin...
...that point, Mao was talking big about "letting one hundred flowers bloom" -until the blooming flowers of self-criticism set off such disorder in his own garden that he had to call the whole thing off. From then on, Peking worked against Gomulka and Tito by attacking Yugoslav "revisionism" even more savagely than did the Russians themselves. But the Mao-is-tops theorists stuck to their theory, while reversing their field: now it was not Mao the liberal they cheered, but Mao the hard they feared...
...heartbreaking history of being partitioned, conquered, occupied and finally reduced to a satellite, the Poles have clung tenaciously to the Roman Catholic Church, not only as their faith, but also as the most enduring symbol of their fervent nationalism. Almost the first thing that Communist Boss Wladyslaw Gomulka did when he came to power after the anti-Soviet uprisings of 1956 was to release Stefan Cardinal Wyszynski from detention and give to Poland, which is 95% Catholic, a degree of religious freedom unknown in any other Communist nation. That was a concession won, not a benefit conferred, and ever since...
...March Gomulka abruptly halted the distribution of millions of dollars' worth of welfare packages from Catholics abroad until the church would agree to let the government supervise the distribution. Finally last month, perhaps because of pressure from Moscow and his Communist colleagues, Gomulka decided to crack down in earnest. For its first show of force, the government chose the 600-year-old fortress-monastery of Jasna Gora, the most sacred of Poland's holy shrines...
...Wladyslaw Gomulka, though he has a long Communist career of knuckling under, this was a humiliating concession, but, if he wanted to survive, Gomulka would almost certainly have to make far greater and more humiliating concessions in the future. The consensus was that Nikita Khrushchev was unlikely to rest content until the stubborn Poles were once again nothing but Soviet serfs...