Word: goulart
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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This year's shortage is somewhat artificial. Under Castello Branco, who came to power in the 1964 coup that overthrew Leftist Joao Goulart, the nation's 13 political parties were melded into two-an official government party known as ARENA and an official opposition party called MODEBRAS. Naturally, ARENA dominated Congress, and so when Castello Branco decreed that the next President would be elected by Congress, the opposition finked out. That left the field to Marshal Artur da Costa e Silva, 64, former War Minister, leader of the army's ultra-conservative "hard line...
When Brazil's army overthrew Leftist João Goulart in 1964, the generals declared war on Communism, corruption and - it would almost seem - the Roman Catholic Church. Fearful that Brazil's liberal, reform-minded church was spreading agitation in the depressed Northeast, the generals hauled in priests and bishops alike for questioning, forced several into "voluntary" exile, and cracked down on such "subversive" church organizations as labor syndicates and classes to teach adults to read...
...whose statue, arms outstretched, gazes down on Rio from Corcovado, would be able to do much about Brazil's endemic sin of inflation. In one 31-month period, the cost of living soared an astronomical 340%, and in 1964 alone, the year that free-spending João Goulart was thrown out, it was heading up 150%. Yet when President Humberto Castello Branco took over, he confidently vowed to achieve stability in just two years...
...landed on his feet. The charges against him somehow got dropped in time for him to run for office again (including twice, unsuccessfully, for President). His strident anti-Communism-plus the 30,000 state troopers at his command-won him a place in the 1964 revolution that overthrew Jango Goulart. True enough, he had a few bad moments when the reform-bent military regime started out with a purge of corrupt politicians, but his name never appeared on the purge lists. Friends among the top brass managed to cross it off in the nick of time...
Lesser men would have been chastened by the military's zeal against corruption. Not Adhemar. While revolutionary tribunals zeroed in on the in discretions of Leftist Goulart and his allies, the Governor blithely launched an all-out kickback campaign that local businessmen defined wryly as "the golden era of the little tin box." Few new enterprises could get started without cutting Adhemar in, and established concerns were often hit for "contributions" to Adhemar-invented causes. An $18 million school-construction contract was mysteriously awarded without public bids...