Word: gradient
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Doty, who visited Russia in May 1958 after an invitation from the Academy of Sciences, was impressed by the rapidly rising ability of Soviet scientists. Though he considered them still slightly behind the United States as a scientific nation, he warned that "it is the gradient rather than the level" of study that counts. "Their goals are defined by what the state needs," he pointed out, "and their exhaustive investigations could put them ahead before long...
...Iselin II, Woods Hole's oceanographers began dunking thermometers in the water, quickly spotted the Navy's trouble. It was just a question of temperatures, they explained. Tropical sun had heated the water to a depth of 50 ft. The sound waves were bent by this temperature gradient, hiding a sub as effectively as if it were behind a hill. Equipped with a gadget of Woods Hole's devising, a bathythermograph, many a U.S. sub saved itself during World War II by finding a temperature "hill" in the ocean and slip ping behind...
...Commander James Calvert, has popped up several times in ice gaps -within missile range of Russia. Traveling since then in expanding circles around the top of the world, Skate returns next month to New London, Conn. By then, Skate will have gathered vital new information on the salinity, temperature gradient and crust thickness of the icebound Arctic...
...dangerous when polio threatens. Proportionately, there were 2½ times as many polio cases (142) among children who received dummy shots as among those who received real vaccine. Still more encouraging statistically, the unvaccinated had 3½ times as many paralytic cases, and there was a kind of protective gradient: the more severe the type of paralysis, the greater the difference in incidence between those who got the vaccine and those who did not. In other words, the vaccine appears most effective against the worst forms of polio. These results were most clear-cut in the eleven states where vaccine...
...massive steel and copper ring 700 ft. in diameter will make Long Island the world's atom-smashing capital. This week the Atomic Energy Commission announced that it will finance an "alternating gradient synchrotron" to shoot out beams of protons with energies up to 25 "bev" (25 billion electron-volts). It will be built at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, L.I. Probable cost: 20 megabucks ($20 million). Completion time: five to six years...