Word: gradients
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Working with Brookhaven's powerful Alternating Gradient Synchrotron, they slammed a stream of antiprotons into a bubble chamber full of liquid hydrogen. As the antiprotons hit the stationary hydrogen nuclei-which were also protons-they annihilated each other, giving off energy and filling the 20-in. chamber with a sudden splash of new, extremely short-lived particles...
They found their answer in the enormous alternating gradient synchrotron at Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island. That mighty machine can spin protons up to the energy of 33 billion electron-volts, bounce them off targets and produce all sorts of atomic debris-including neutrinos. Physicists figured that any new type neutrinos created by this monstrous slingshot should have as much as i billion volts of energy. They would not be nearly so numerous as the neutrinos flooding out of a nuclear reactor, but their high energy should allow them many more ways of interacting with matter; as a result...
...important discovery in 1952 Ivy Livingston and two other physicists which paved the way for an accelerator of this size. The principle of alternating gradient, or strong focusing, made possible the Brookhaven proton synchroton, which produces up to 30 billion electron volts...
...reduced to less than 550 ft., and construction and operation costs could be cut by 35%. Curtis' projection was underscored at the same A.P.S. session when Brookhaven National Laboratory's Dr. G. Kenneth Green proudly reported that the world's biggest atom smasher, the Brookhaven alternating gradient synchrotron, was now in full-scale operation. Costing $31 million, the synchrotron can generate up to 33 or 34 billion electron volts (BEV) by boosting protons through an underground circular metal tube at fantastic speeds...
...world's most powerful particle accelerator (or atom smasher) was at Geneva, Switzerland, generating a beam of protons with up to 28 Bev (billion electron-volts) of energy. Last week the energy championship came back to the U.S. At Brookhaven National Lab oratory, Long Island, the new alternating gradient synchroton, which scientists call AGS, was kicked up to full power for the first time, generating a proton beam that stayed steady at 30 Bev and hovered for short periods as high as 31 Bev, accelerating particles at rates only a fraction below the 186,300 miles-per-second speed...