Word: grained
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Before Indira can think about elections, she must deal with a set of dizzying problems that are as big and complex as India itself. The most pressing is food. The worst drought of this century has decimated India's grain harvests. Present estimates place the 1965 crop at less than 75 million tons, a full 13 million tons below the 1964 level...
There is only one place where India can get the grain it needs, and that is the U.S. But the U.S. cut off long-term aid during last fall's border war, and is now sending grain to India only on a month-to-month basis. Washington is reluctant to grant India a new long-term food agreement until the Indian government finally takes measures to revitalize its famine-prone agricultural system. Washington also wants to see India adopt an effective birth-control program. At the present rate, there will be a billion Indians by the year...
Knowledge in Bits. All of this is organized according to the learning theories of Harvard Behavioral Psychologist Burrhus Frederic Skinner (TIME, March 24, 1961). Skinner taught pigeons to play pingpong by breaking the action into tiny steps, immediately rewarding each correct step with a grain of corn. This led to the idea of giving children knowledge in atomized "bits," and testing each bit immediately by an easy leading question. When the student responds with the right answer, he gets a glow of pleasure-his grain of corn. The technique requires some mechanical device (often a teaching machine) to hide...
...India's need is now. In talks with President Johnson and Secretary of Agriculture Orville Freeman, Subramaniam explained that 1965's drought-decimated harvests had left India at least 13 million tons short of grain to feed its 480 million people. Though the U.S. made no definite promises, there seemed little doubt that President Johnson would step up U.S. grain shipments. As he left Washington, Subramaniam told reporters, "Your great President gave me confidence that the problem will be solved. I go back to my country inspired...
...halted when the Pakistanis used U.S. weapons against India. While Ayub was hopeful that the U.S. would continue to exert economic pressure on India for a Kashmir compromise, Washington last week promised to 1) help New Delhi avert a famine by accelerating shipment of 1,500,000 tons of grain and 2) stimulate its own food production by granting a $50 million loan for fertilizer...