Word: gramming
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...gravest threats to anyone severely burned or injured -- or to soldiers wounded in battle -- is massive, system-wide bacterial infection. Such infection with toxic, "gram-negative" bacteria kills up to 100,000 Americans a year, many of them surgical patients and trauma victims. Last week researchers at the University of California at San Diego reported a major victory in the war against these microbes. Using injections of a biotech product called monoclonal antibodies in patients suffering from toxic infections and septic shock, they reduced the expected death rate 40%, in some cases rescuing patients from the brink of death...
...Gram-negative bacteria -- so named because they do not retain a laboratory stain devised by the Danish bacteriologist Christian Gram -- are usually harmless. They reside on the skin and in the gut, where they aid in digestion. But any significant disruption to the body's immune response -- caused, for instance, by severe burns, chemotherapy or major abdominal surgery -- allows these rod-shaped bacteria to multiply out of control and invade other parts of the body, eventually entering the bloodstream. Once there, one part of the bacterial cell wall called endotoxin can trigger a cascade of lethal effects, culminating in multiple...
...when Japan began issuing its first gold coins since World War II. Minted by the Bank of Japan to commemorate the | 60th year of Emperor Hirohito's reign, the 24-karat pieces were coveted by collectors even though the Ministry of Finance set the price of the 20-gram coins at 100,000 yen (now $690) -- more than twice the value of their weight in gold. To meet heavy demand, Japan minted 11 million coins...
Despite the well-plotted scam, the Ministry of Finance plans to issue another series of 20-gram gold coins with a face value of 100,000 yen this fall to commemorate the enthronement of Japan's new Emperor, Akihito. Officials are studying ways to modify the coin's design or packaging to prevent new forgeries...
...themselves, in part out of fear of being infected with AIDS from a shared needle. But for the past several years, less diluted heroin from Southeast Asia that can be smoked has been widely available on the streets of New York, Boston and other cities. At $10 a 0.05-gram bag, the so-called China White is cheap enough to be within reach of the young and the poor...