Word: grams
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...neurons. The smaller glial (meaning gluey) cells stick to the neurons like caviar on a canape. Hyden and his colleagues at Goteborg, by exquisitely delicate techniques, have separated neurons from their adherent glial cells and have weighed them in units as small as millionths of a millionth of a gram. By taking fresh, still-living cells from a rabbit's brain, the Hyden team has been able to find out how they use and convert their chemical fuels under varying conditions...
...Brookline's Brooks Hospital, Dr. Lind examined feathers in pillow stuffings that had been "sanitized" (washed, heat-treated and chemically disinfected) to Government standards. He found huge amounts of residual bacteria: up to 13 million organisms per gram. Most are probably harmless to humans, but at least three diseases-including psittacosis, or "parrot fever"-can be transmitted to humans from fowl; all three can be spread by feathers from infected birds. Dr. Lind found more than germs inside old hospital pillows. Items that turned up amid the feathers: stones, corn, glass, metal strips, nails, a broken thermometer, false teeth...
...ingredient turned out to be pectin, a carbohydrate well known to many U.S. housewives: it is the substance that makes jelly jell. Keys found that taking 15 grams of pectin daily for three weeks lowered blood cholesterol levels by an average of ten milligrams-"a modest but significant amount." For Americans who want to keep the doctor away, Keys added a familiar note: his 15-gram daily dose corresponds roughly to the amount of pectin found in two ripe apples...
...last the chemists isolated a small drop (20 mg.) of colorless, oily stuff, odorless to humans but with an enormous attraction for male gypsy moths. It could be diluted almost endlessly. Less than one ten-thousandth of a billionth of a gram (10 -7 microgram) of it was enough to bring eager males fluttering out of the woods. When the potent oil was analyzed, it proved to be a surprisingly simple chemical (10-acetoxy-1-hydroxy-cis-7-hexadecene) that can be synthesized for $5 per Ib. Dr. Jacobson has about 1 Ib. on hand. If it were diluted...
...market was a Schwartz offering of dehydrated firefly tails at $5 per gram as a sensitive test for ATP-adenosine tri-phosphate-a vital chemical that is found in nearly all living cells. When ATP is added to an extract of firefly tails, the solution lights up, and the amount of light given off is proportionate to the amount of ATP. By measuring the light, the ATP can itself be measured...