Word: gras
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...GRAS List. In crude or dilute form, nature supplies some of the substances that have recently gained notoriety as additives. The first additives, aside from salt and seaweed, were spices. Some contained natural preservatives. Benzoic acid, used as a preservative for almost a century, occurs naturally in berries and in some fruits, such as plums...
...power to pass on additives before they went on the market, but by then it had delayed so long that hundreds of additives had been in wide use for many years. So the new law contained a grandfather clause, exempting substances already employed and "generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for their intended...
...list of GRAS items classifies hundreds of additives by their principal purposes. Among them are anti-caking agents, which keep such things as salt, sugar and milk powder from clumping; preservatives (31 listed); emulsifying agents, used to help homogenize substances that do not normally mix (like fat in milk); sequestrants, which keep trace minerals from turning fats and oils rancid, and are also used to prevent some soft drinks from turning cloudy. In addition, the FDA has 80 "miscellaneous" GRAS substances from alfalfa to zedoary (an aromatic East Indian herb), from pipsissewa leaves to ylang-ylang, used as flavoring...
...nothing to elevate the diabetic's blood sugar. Its one drawback is that in many users' mouths it leaves a bitter, aftertaste. The cyclamates, also synthetic, are effective sweeteners with the advantage of no aftertaste. Extensively tested in the 1940s and '50s, cyclamates slipped onto the GRAS list just before Congress closed the books in 1958 and before it adopted an amendment, named for Representative James J. Delaney of New York City, that forbade the inclusion in foodstuffs of any substance known to cause cancer in man or any species of animal. Whether the Delaney Amendment...
...months since the cyclamate ban, it has become clear that far too many additives were used and allowed on the GRAS list without sufficient testing. Moreover, an automatic guillotine such as that applied to cyclamates is too crude an instrument for determining acceptability. The food industry obviously has to use some additives to keep its products from spoiling and-in the case of such staples as bread, milk and iodized salt-to give them maximum nutritive and health-protective values. Just as clearly, the public demands low-calorie sweeteners as well as precooked heat-and-serve meals. It is well...